1.

IMS Common Cartridge specification defines a commonly supported content format, able to run on any compliant LMS platform. The Common Cartridge combines three IMS specifications: Content Packaging, Question/Test Interoperability (QTI) and Metadata, with the IMS Tools Interoperability Protocol, which enables standards-based data exchange between learning management platforms and standalone learning tools, such as adaptive tutors or assessment engines. It enables both publisher-created digital assets and faculty-created digital assets to be exchanged among learning management platforms with an open standards-based interface to integrate the wide variety of custom learning tools available.

2.

EML is a comprehensive notational system that allows one to codify units of study (e.g. courses, course components and study programmes), in an integral fashion. EML describes not just the content of a unit of study (texts, tasks, tests, assignments) but also the roles, relations, interactions and activities of students and teachers.

3.

The mission of IEEE LTSC working groups is to develop technical standards, recommended practices, and guides for software components, tools, technologies and design methods that facilitate the development, deployment, maintenance and interoperation of computer implementations of education and training components and systems. LTSC has been chartered by the IEEE Computer Society Standards Activity Board. Information on working groups, meetings, and publications is available from the site.

4.

The IMS Simple Sequencing Specification defines a method for representing the intended behavior of an authored learning experience such that any learning technology system (LTS) can sequence discrete learning activities in a consistent way.

5.

The IMS Tools Interoperability (TI) approach addresses demand for a reusable mechanism for integrating third-party tools with core Learning Management System platforms. Tools can add specialist functionality to the LMS such as assessment or discipline-specific teaching aids. The approach recommended greatly simplifies this task whilst also offering a Web Services solution equally applicable to Java and .Net implementers. The reuse of a commonly understood approach across tools will eliminate the need for bilateral solutions, thus focusing investment on adding value to the learner experience.

6.

To adequately prepare our students for adult citizenship in the Information Age, computer-related technology must become a tool that students and teachers use routinely. This is one of ISTE's core goals. ISTE has consistently taken a leadership role in establishing standards for the effective use of information technology in education.

7.

The Learning Material Markup Language Framework is a flexibly adaptable and extensible family of XML markup languages for learning and teaching material (teachware). LMML provides sub-languages for various educational fields. LMML is used in universitary education, further education as well as company training.

8.

RELOAD is a project based at Bolton Institute, UK, funded under the Exchange for Learning Programme (X4L). The project focuses on the development of tools that are based on emerging learning technology interoperability specifications. It is a partnership between the Bolton Institute and the University of Strathclyde. The primary aims of this project are to: facilitate the creation, sharing and reuse of learning objects and services enhance the range of pedagogical approaches realisable through the use of lesson plans.

9.

The Universal Learning Format (ULF) is a modular set of XML-based formats developed by Saba and based on woek done by IMS, ADL and IEEE for capturing and exchanging various types of e-learning data, including online learning content, catalogs of learning resources, certification libraries, competency libraries, and learner profile information.